Turquoise is a lovely stone that is wonderful in silver turquoise jewelry. Scientifically it is a combination of aluminum and phosphates with traces of copper oxide, from which it gets its blue color, and manganese oxide, iron, calcium and zinc. The green color arises from the aluminum or iron and yellow is from the zinc. The most common color is green for turquoise gemstones, and indeed blue gems often transform into green when exposed to light for a long time. Different combinations of these elements give the gemstone its array of colors, with the most highly valued being those with a deep blue color and yellow gems having the lowest value. The finest quality stones, Persian turquoise for instance, do not tend to fade and maintain their attractive blue color for a long time.

Some gems have a main color with a spider web pattern of different colored lines marking the surface. The lines are caused by uneven dispersal of the different elements that are present in the precious stone and the marks can be black, yellow or brown in lots of different patterns. However pure colored gems are more valued than those with a spider web matrix while turquoise gemstones of a deep blue color, even though they have a spider web matrix, are more valued than yellow or green unmarked gemstones. Untreated turquoise gems of a pure color, that is those which are not marked with spider web matrix, are rare and are extremely highly prized.

Turquoise Treatments

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